Talmeeh, tazaad, ihaam and tajahul-e-arifana

Level 3: Aesthetic Craft and Style · about 18 minutes

Talmeeh (allusion)

ابنِ مریم ہوا کرے کوئی

میرے دکھ کی دوا کرے کوئی

ibn-e-maryam huaa kare koii

mere dukh kii davaa kare koii

Let anyone be the Son of Mary if he likes;

let someone find a cure for my suffering.

Mirza Asadullah Khan GhalibKhafīf musaddas makhbūn mahzūfmatlaIntermediateTalmeeh (allusion)

آگ تھے ابتدائے عشق میں ہم

اب جو ہیں خاک انتہا ہے یہ

aag the ibtidaa-e-ishq meñ ham

ab jo haiñ khaak intihaa hai ye

At love's beginning I was fire;

now I am dust: this is how it ends.

Mir Taqi MirKhafīf musaddas makhbūn mahzūfsherIntermediateTazaad (antithesis)

الٹی ہو گئیں سب تدبیریں کچھ نہ دوا نے کام کیا

دیکھا اس بیماریِ دل نے آخر کام تمام کیا

ulTii ho ga'iiñ sab tadbiireñ kuchh na davaa ne kaam kiyaa

dekhaa is biimaarii-e-dil ne aakhir kaam tamaam kiyaa

All my plans were overturned; no medicine did any good.

See: this sickness of the heart has finished me at last.

Mir Taqi MirBahr-e-Mīr (Hindi metre)matlaIntermediateIhaam (double meaning)

تر دامنی پہ شیخ ہماری نہ جائیو

دامن نچوڑ دیں تو فرشتے وضو کریں

tar-daamanii pe shaikh hamaarii na jaa'iyo

daaman nichoR deñ to farishte vazuu kareñ

Shaikh, do not judge me by my wet hem;

if I wring it out, angels could make their ablutions with it.

Khwaja Mir DardMuzāre' musamman akhrab makfūf mahzūfsherAdvancedIhaam (double meaning)

دیکھ تو دل کہ جاں سے اٹھتا ہے

یہ دھواں سا کہاں سے اٹھتا ہے

dekh to dil ki jaañ se uThtaa hai

ye dhuaañ saa kahaañ se uThtaa hai

Look: is it from the heart or from the soul that it rises,

this smoke-like thing, where does it rise from?

Mir Taqi MirKhafīf musaddas makhbūn mahzūfmatlaBeginnerTajahul-e-arifana (feigned ignorance)Isti'ara (metaphor)

Rhetorical devices: 8 questions, built fresh each time from the couplets.