Past Events and Experiences · Lesson 37 · Six study sessions
My Weekend
میرا ویک اینڈ
Tell what happened with the simple past (perfective), including the نے construction for transitive verbs.
In this lesson you will
- I can form the simple past of intransitive verbs: میں گیا، وہ آئی، ہم سوئے.
- I can use نے with transitive verbs: میں نے کھانا کھایا، اس نے کتاب پڑھی.
- I know the pronoun forms with نے: میں نے، اس نے، انہوں نے، کس نے.
- I can make the verb agree with the object, or keep it masculine singular when the object has کو.
- I know which common verbs do not take نے: لانا، بھولنا، بولنا، ملنا.
- I can ask and tell what someone did at the weekend.
- I can use past time words: پچھلے ہفتے، کل رات، پرسوں، ابھی ابھی.
Where We Left Off
You can describe habits (Unit Three), the past as it was (Unit Five: تھا، کرتا تھا، کر رہا تھا) and the future (Unit Seven). What is missing is the most used tense of all: the simple past for single completed events. I went. We ate. She phoned. This chapter teaches it in two steps. First the intransitive verbs (go, come, sleep), whose past agrees with the subject as you would expect. Then the transitive verbs (eat, see, write), which use the famous نے construction: the subject takes نے and the verb agrees with the OBJECT. Take this chapter slowly; it has six sessions for a reason.
Plan for this chapter
- Session one: Part One. The simple past of intransitive verbs; irregular جانا، ہونا.
- Session two: Part Two. نے with transitive verbs: the verb agrees with the object.
- Session three: Part Two continued. Pronouns with نے; objects with کو.
- Session four: Part Three. Verbs that do and do not take نے; compound verbs in the past.
- Session five: Part Four. Weekend vocabulary and time words of the past.
- Session six: dialogues, reading and exercises. Tell the story of your own weekend.
Part One: The Simple Past of Intransitive Verbs
An intransitive verb has no object: to go, to come, to sit, to sleep, to arrive, to laugh. Its simple past is the stem plus ـا، ـے، ـی، ـیں, agreeing with the subject like an adjective.
Irregular pasts to learn by heart
- جانا (to go): گیا، گئے، گئی، گئیں. Not جایا.
- ہونا (to be, to happen): ہوا، ہوئے، ہوئی، ہوئیں: کیا ہوا؟ (What happened?)
- Stems ending in a vowel add a glide: آنا → آیا، آئے، آئی، آئیں; سونا → سویا، سوئے، سوئی; پینا → پیا، پیے، پی.
- No auxiliary: میں گیا means “I went”. Add تھا for “had gone” (Chapter Thirty-Eight).
Part One: The Simple Past of Intransitive Verbs
The compound with جانا
- In the past, verbs of change very often take جانا: سو گیا (fell asleep), تھک گیا (got tired), آ گیا (arrived, turned up), ہو گیا (got done), بھول گیا (forgot). The main verb is a bare stem and only جانا changes: سو گئی، تھک گئے.
Part One: The Simple Past of Intransitive Verbs
| Subject | اٹھنا (to get up) | سونا (to sleep) | پہنچنا (to arrive) |
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine singular | اٹھا | سویا | پہنچا |
| masculine plural / respectful | اٹھے | سوئے | پہنچے |
| feminine singular | اٹھی | سوئی | پہنچی |
| feminine plural | اٹھیں | سوئیں | پہنچیں |
Part Two: نے: The Past of Transitive Verbs
A transitive verb has an object: to eat (food), to see (a film), to write (a letter), to buy (shoes). In the simple past (and all the perfect tenses) Urdu does something unusual: the subject takes the marker نے, and the verb agrees not with the subject but with the OBJECT.
The three rules of نے
- Rule one: a TRANSITIVE verb in the simple past takes نے after the subject. Whether the subject is a man or a woman makes no difference to the verb.
- Rule two: the verb agrees with the object in gender and number: کھانا کھایا، روٹی کھائی، سموسے کھائے، روٹیاں کھائیں.
- Rule three: if the object is marked with کو (a person, or a definite thing), or there is no object, the verb stays MASCULINE SINGULAR: میں نے اس کو دیکھا، اس نے بچوں کو بلایا، میں نے کہا.
Watch the plurals
- The plural noun before نے takes the oblique: بچوں نے، لڑکیوں نے، دوستوں نے. And یہ / وہ (plural) become انہوں نے, never وہ نے.
Pronouns with نے
| Pronoun | With نے | Example |
|---|---|---|
| میں | میں نے | میں نے کہا۔ |
| تم | تم نے | تم نے کیا کیا؟ |
| آپ | آپ نے | آپ نے کھانا کھایا؟ |
| ہم | ہم نے | ہم نے فلم دیکھی۔ |
| یہ / وہ (one) | اس نے | اس نے فون کیا۔ |
| یہ / وہ (many, respectful) | انہوں نے | انہوں نے ہمیں بلایا۔ |
| کون | کس نے | کس نے دروازہ کھولا؟ |
| کون (plural) | کن لوگوں نے | کن لوگوں نے یہ کیا؟ |
| names and nouns | noun + نے | مہ نور نے، بچوں نے، ابو نے |
Rule three in action: objects with کو
Part Three: Which Verbs Take نے?
Most verbs that take an object take نے. A few common ones do not, and a few verbs change their meaning. Learn these as a list.
| No نے (though they look transitive) | Example |
|---|---|
| لانا (to bring) | میں پھل لایا۔ / وہ مٹھائی لائی۔ |
| بھولنا (to forget) | میں چابی بھول گیا۔ |
| بولنا (to speak) | وہ اردو بولی۔ (but اس نے کہا) |
| ملنا (to meet, to get) | میں کل عمر سے ملا۔ / مجھے تحفہ ملا۔ |
| سمجھنا (to understand, often) | میں آپ کی بات سمجھا۔ |
| ڈرنا (to fear), لڑنا (to fight), جیتنا / ہارنا when no object | پاکستان جیتا۔ / ہم ہار گئے۔ |
| Always with نے | Example |
|---|---|
| کہنا، پوچھنا، بتانا | اس نے کہا، میں نے پوچھا، آپ نے بتایا |
| کرنا and all X کرنا verbs | میں نے کام کیا، ہم نے انتظار کیا، اس نے فون کیا |
| کھانا، پینا، دیکھنا، سننا، پڑھنا، لکھنا، خریدنا | ہم نے کھانا کھایا، چائے پی، میچ دیکھا |
| دینا، لینا | اس نے مجھے تحفہ دیا، میں نے ٹکٹ لیا |
| سوچنا، سمجھنا (to consider) | میں نے سوچا کہ ... |
Compound verbs in the past
Compound verbs follow the SECOND verb: کر لینا and کر دینا take نے (because لینا and دینا do); but سو جانا، آ جانا، بھول جانا do not (because جانا does not).
Irregular past forms with نے
| Verb | Past (m. sing.) | Other forms |
|---|---|---|
| کرنا (to do) | کیا | کیے، کی، کیں |
| دینا (to give) | دیا | دیے، دی، دیں |
| لینا (to take) | لیا | لیے، لی، لیں |
| پینا (to drink) | پیا | پیے، پی، پیں |
| کہنا (to say) | کہا | کہے، کہی، کہیں |
Part Four: The Weekend
Weekend activities
Culture note: the Pakistani weekend
- The weekend in Pakistan is Saturday and Sunday for offices and schools, with Friday prayers at midday on a working day. Sunday morning often means a big late breakfast of حلوہ پوری with چنے (chickpeas) from a local shop, eaten with the family. Evenings are for visiting relatives (ملنے جانا) and for dinners (دعوت). When Pakistan plays cricket, the whole country watches, and the first question on Monday morning is آپ نے میچ دیکھا؟
Review and Revision
Chapter Thirty-Seven in one table
| To say... | Say | Roman Urdu |
|---|---|---|
| I went. | میں گیا / گئی | maiñ gayaa / ga.ii |
| What happened? | کیا ہوا؟ | kyaa huaa? |
| I ate food. | میں نے کھانا کھایا | maiñ ne khaanaa khaayaa |
| I drank tea. | میں نے چائے پی | maiñ ne chaa.e pii |
| Who did it? | کس نے کیا؟ | kis ne kiyaa? |
| They (respectful) said. | انہوں نے کہا | unhoñ ne kahaa |
| I forgot. | میں بھول گیا | maiñ bhuul gayaa |
| It was fun. | مزہ آیا | maza aayaa |
Spaced review plan
| When | What to do |
|---|---|
| Same day | Say the past of ten verbs, five with نے and five without. |
| Next day | Describe yesterday in twelve sentences. |
| Three days later | Redo Exercises A to F from memory. |
| One week later | Tell someone about your weekend in Urdu without notes. |
Looking Ahead
Looking ahead: Chapter Thirty-Eight
In Chapter Thirty-Eight, “Narrating a Story”, you will tell a story from beginning to end: the past perfect (had done), the کر construction (having done ...), and the connecting words of a good storyteller: ایک دن، اچانک، اسی وقت، آخرکار.
Practise this lesson
Tap any part to open it here, or carry on. Every tab above still has the full set.
Your turn: speak and write
Speaking tasks
- Tell a partner everything you did yesterday, from waking up to sleeping. Then they tell you.
- Play “Who did it?”: one person describes a small disaster at home, the other asks کس نے ...؟
- Describe the last Pakistan cricket match you saw, or the last film: who won, what happened.
- Retell Reading Practice from memory in six sentences.
Writing tasks
- Write a WhatsApp message to a friend about your weekend (eight sentences).
- Write a diary entry for yesterday.
- Write five sentences with کو objects and five with agreeing objects, and mark the agreement.